What role does Congress play in the federal budget process?

Congress plays a pivotal role in the federal budget process primarily through the provision of final approval of budget levels. This authority is rooted in the Constitution, which grants Congress the power of the purse. This means that after the President submits a budget proposal, Congress is responsible for reviewing, amending, and ultimately approving the budget.

The budget process involves several steps, including the formulation of the budget by the President, the drafting of budget resolutions by congressional committees, and the passage of appropriation bills that allocate funding to various federal programs and agencies. It is through this legislative process that Congress determines the specific funding levels and priorities for federal spending.

This role is crucial because it not only sets discretionary spending limits but also facilitates discussions on fiscal priorities and reflects the interests and needs of constituents. The checks and balances provided by this process ensure that various viewpoints are represented in federal spending decisions.

In contrast, the other roles mentioned—initiating budget proposals, managing the distribution of grants, and conducting audits—are not primarily the responsibility of Congress. While Congress does influence and oversee these areas, the final approval of budget levels is where its role is most definitive and constitutionally rooted.